As occasionally happens with any dental or medical procedure, a tooth may not heal as expected after initial treatment for a variety of reasons: New trauma, deep decay, or a loose, cracked or broken filling can cause new infection in your tooth. In some cases, the endodontist may discover additional very narrow or curved canals that could not be treated during the initial procedure.
The process is very similar to root canal treatment, the difference is that besides taking any remaining infected tissue out, the doctor has to take old filling material, any posts or any other obstacle in the pulp space out to be able to successfully disinfect and seal the area of the root canal.